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Provide Simpler Alternatives for Complex Text

WCAG 2.1 Ultimate Guide
Disabilities Affected: Cognitive
Success Criterion: 3.1.5
Level: AAA
WCAG Link
When text requires reading ability more advanced than the lower secondary education level (typically grades 7-9) after removal of proper names and titles, supplemental content or an alternative version that does not require such advanced reading ability must be available.

Why It Matters

Complex language, long sentences, and advanced vocabulary can be significant barriers for users with cognitive or learning disabilities, as well as for non-native speakers or those with lower literacy levels. Providing simpler alternatives ensures wider comprehension.

Fixing the Issue

Write content in clear and simple language whenever possible. Aim for a reading level appropriate for lower secondary education. Use tools (like readability calculators) to assess the reading level. If complex language is unavoidable (e.g., in technical or legal documents):

  • Provide summaries written in simpler language.
  • Create an alternative version of the page using simpler vocabulary and sentence structures.
  • Offer graphical illustrations or spoken versions to supplement the text. Link clearly to the supplemental content or alternative version.

Good Code Example

(Conceptual) Linking to a simplified version:

  • <article>
  <h1>Advanced Thermodynamics Explained</h1>
  <p>
     This document uses technical language.
     <a href="thermodynamics-simple-version.html">View a simplified explanation</a>.
  </p>
  <p>The Carnot cycle efficiency is determined by the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs...</p>
</article>

Bad Code Example

Highly complex text with no simpler alternative:

  • <article>
  <h1>Philosophical Treatise on Epistemology</h1>
  <p>
     This exegesis interrogates the foundational precepts of empirical
     veridicality vis-&agrave;-vis transcendental idealism, positing that
     noumenal apprehension remains intrinsically elusive...
  </p>
</article>
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